Radiotelegraphy



Oct. 23, 1928. 1,688,554

R. H. RANGER RAD'IOTELEGRAPHY original Filed Aug. 15, 1921 4 'sheets-sheet 2 atcb L Oct. 23, 1928. 1,688,554

R. H. RANGER RADIOTELEGRAPHY original Filed Aug.15. 1921 4 sheets-sheet 3 T S t c `Y\ i v F "Il I n g j a" t k l s lllI l l 1 L l l i' d v i f "s JI lp SWW 41 To@ da. 23, 192s.

R. H. RANGER RADIOTELEGRAPHY 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Aug. l5.

Patented Qct. 23, 1928.

' LJN-rinsev sTATlisv PAT eprice.

- RICHARD HowLAND RANGER, oF NEWARK, NEW Jiiinslir.`

' RADIOTELEGRAPHY.

Application inedt August 15, 1921,-` senai No. 492,4o3, am1 in France .ru1y1s19'19.rnenewed c January 28, 192?. i

(GRANTED UNDER THE, rRovrsIoNs or THE Aerox Manent, 1921, 41l sTAT. L., 1313.)`

i The aim in view isto overcome the diiiiculties arising in radiotelegraphy from what is called inter-ference, thatis to say the,v

tonizing the sending and receiving 'station-s,

to a given Wave length. vNon' this method, although it has been fairly satisfactory up to the present for the relatively small number of stations established', is nevertheless subject to the criticism that it is limited, particularly as the number of stations increases.y In fact, the range of possible Wave lengths isnotinexhaustible. j f

In order to introduce a new element of selectivity,l radio goniometer loops giving a directional selectivity have been proposed. Their principal use has been for the determination of the direction of incoming transmissions, and this same direction factor has been Vused to a slight extent for the elimination of undesired signals. VBut this method has not become general, due to the low etliciency of goniometer loops and thecomplexities involved' sought.

`On the other hand, there have also been.VK juite recently proposed, the systems designed by Vteagant and AleXanderson,-in which a 'receiving station is arranged in such a man? ner as to use not one, but two antennae placed. 1in a particular relation With respect Lto the direction of the transmitting station they are to Work With, and to the direction of the transmitting' .station Whosesignals are to be rendered ineifective. Inthese systems, it is also necessary for the effective distance between the two antennae to bear a definite rela but a receiving station designed by e'i'theryof'v these tivo methods is limited to the Wave length and transmission directions for Which it was designed. Also the arrangements given for the combining of the effects ofthe .tive separate antennae leave muchto be-.de

v mitting stations.

rwhen refined adjustments are` tinct from each other, the position of whichY is used for selecting between various trans The location of respect toa transmitting stationdetermines the time interval between a transmission and the moment it reaches the receiving antenna. Vith. Several receiving antennae separated from eachother, the moinent'at which the impulses reachV the-various antennaeA will vary With the distance of the transmitting station froml each antenna.y With .transmitting stations atvvarious localities, the moments of arrival of the impulses Will change, dueto they changes in these distances from these transmitting stations. to the separate antennae'.

According to` y,the invention, applicant` .makes use of these changes in theV moment of arrival of the said `impulses to select the transmissions desired. In other Words, the location of a transmitting station constitutes, With respect to thevgrouptof antenna@ a factor by means of which the signals of such station can be brought into'ac'tion or renderedinefe fective, regardless ofl thelyvave length em' ployed andk even if the receiving setv istuned for `that Wave length.

v,This invention'is based on thepirinciple that, in order'to receive a givenstation, the effects of the impulses which that station transmitsmust be brought collectively tothe receiving set at the same instantan'd that in order to cancel the effects of an undesired station, the effects ofthat station must bev Yneutralized by having them act separately a receiving antenna with over a relatively considerable rang-e of time;`

This result is accomplished, broadly speaking, by `the applicationof a principlewhich -Vconsistsin controlling Yat Willthe time Y ofv arrival of anyof'the said effects by .varyi ing the length of Vtravel of theeiii'ect from a receiving antennato the `receiving set.k

The separate antennae used may be of any ofthe regular` types and even loops may be used, Whose added-directional characteristics mightbe of advantage.

The accompanyingdrawings illustrate, by

as antennae are neutralized;

way of an instance only, the manner in which the invention can be carried out. t h

Figure l is a diagram showing' a receiving station organized in accordance with the principles of the invention. Y V.

Figures 2 to 5 are diagrams showing the effects successively produced by the passage of an impulse from a transmitting station to a receiving station. y

Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the coil used.

Figure. 7 isa diagram showing in detail the electrical connections between an antenna and the. receiving coil. y, Figures 8 to 11 are diagrams illustrating the effect which would be produced if the coil :levisedin accordance with this invention were not used. f Figures l2 to 15 are diagrams illustrating the effects which would be produced if, with the installation adjusted as explained With reference to Figure l, impulses were sent out from a different transmitting station.`

Referring to Figurel, T designates a given transmitting station and A, D, B, C, a num-V ber of separate antennae. These antennae ma be at equal or'different distancesl lfrom eaci other and from'the station T. For the purpose, however, of clearly illustrating a general case, it has been assumed here that the antennae are not only at different distances from the station'T, but also at dilferent distances from each other. As will appear from the figure, antenna A. is the closest to T, an-

" tenna Dk is further away, antenna B isa little further away and antenna C is further away' still; and it will be seenthat antenna D is nearer' to A than are or C.

alybl', c1, (Z1 illustrate the wave fronts vof theimpulse transmitted by T, as it reaches the respective antennae. From each antenna starts a pair of wires ci? @3,62 3, 02 03, and` (Pds leading to the receiving station-X. The

connection between the antennae andthe wires` leading to the 'receiving station may be effected in any mannersuited to rad'iotelegfV raphy. But applicant has devised a particular connection which'is illustrated in FigH nre 7, thercharacteristic feature of which re? sides in that the effects of the leading-in wires In the said connection, antenna A leads to a loading coil at', from-which starts a. wire a5 leading to aV condenser a6 and is then grounded by wired/7. Across the condenser a6 are taken two taps, as i9 leading toa vhigh frequency amplifier am, which-has no detectingaction and the outlet of which is taken `by wiresa11 am to .a transformer iwf From the latter start two wires im alileading to condensers al? a, con-` nectedl bythe Iinewires a2 a3 to the receiving station At that station, these wires are led to variable condensers als am which are, inturn, connected bywires a2 ci to a movable coil ci adapted to be shifted along a long stationary coil installed at the receiving station X. The coil a is grounded, .by its' middle point, by a wire a at @23. the other coils being similarly grounded;

on the. stationary coil a' are connected to the corresponding antennae D, B, C.

The remaining antennae D, B., C, Vwhatever ,may be their number, are connected vto the ofthe latter receiving' the effects from the an' tennte A,'D, D, C respectively. l Allhe'-coil w isv connected, at one end, to the receiving set Three other 'movable coils ci, c also slidably mounted R by wire r1 and is', at U12 Oilef;V grounded at r2 by a wireri'. Y Y

The operation isas follows. Tf'weconsider an impulse'transinittedl from station T, it will, a l'tei a certain time interval, just 'passantenna A, as shown inFigure Q, andan effect will have been transmitted along; lthe"wires i? da, Y

to the movable coil a, Figure l and' this eflect will have thus travelled a certain distance A1, Fig. 2, along the long coilai.` At ycertain time interval later, indicated in 'Figure 3. theiinpulse will have passed antenna D and will likewise producelan effectwhi'ch'will, in the saine manner, start to travel a certain distance D1 along the said coil a". In the meantime, the first named effect will-,have continued to travel a Vfurther distance A1, Figti,

alongthe coil. Due to the relative .position of the movable coils@ and (l on the stationary coil fr, found Veasily.by'triahthel two effects travel together. At a 'succeeding time, theV impulse will have passed antenna B and produced effect D1, Fig. 4l, 'adjusted to travel.' down the coil fr with A1 and D1. Finally,l

when the impulse has passed antenna. @,ftlie effect C1, Fig.l 5, will )om in and all "four moment to effect. p Y Y In view of the fact thateach of the, wires e/ ai. Ab2 L, c2 03,(2 d?, leading from the a'n- Vtennae A, D, B, C, to the movalfile coils (if, d, Zi, c'

besides normally conveying the effects to the long coil actsas an antenna itself,V this would disturb the effects desired. It is there# fore Anecessary to neutralize this Iundesired effect'. p *l 'i y This result isaccoinplished bythe hereinbefore described 'arrangement shownin detail in Figure 7 andconsisting of thejtransformer ala, the condensers al, ci, the adjust'-V able condensers als L19 'and the grounding of eitects will reach the receiver R at thesamefproduce 4their maximum combined the middlepoint of themovable coil a atiifs.

Viththis arrangement, each wire such asa/,2,

of, 2, cl2, in conjunction with the adjustable condenser al?, Wire CFO and one half e of the movable' coil a, acts a regular ant-enna which may be tuned by the adjustable con.- densii als; y A In thesame manneigthe Wire a3, in conjunction ivitlr the adjustable condenser el, iviie a, and the other half a of the coil c, may also be tuned as ai regular antenna.

inasmuch as the t-Wo ivires occupy practically thesame relation' with respect to any transmitted impulse the effects produced in them as antennae Will be identical if they are tuned to exactly the same period. The movable coil a is aA continuous Winding, Vso that an effect enteringit from Wire a2@ Will produce an effect by magnetic induction in the long coil @c exactly opposite to that which an equal effect would produce entering the coil by (L21.- So that oncev these tivo circuits as antennae are equally timed, any impulse acting on them Will produce effects which are cancelled automatically in the coil c, Coila continues, however, to play its-rle of transferring to the long coil w any effect produced in the circuit am, a, a2, als, a2", a, am, a19,-a3, el and a received from the transformer cl3. Also, in Order to rprevent the tvvor vivires a2 a3 Vfrom forming a single loop 'in Which effects will be produced as with a goniometer, itis necessary that thetivo Wires be transposed frequently, see Figure l, in order to cancel any such effects, as is regularly done inv From the foregoing explanation, it `will be readily. understood that the distance travelled over the long coil a2 by the various effects A1 D1 B1 C1 (Figs.y 2 to 5) are Vfunctions of the distances of tlie antennae A, D, 13,0, from the transmitting station T.

It Will likewise be understood'that-there is a certain time interval between the i'eception of an Vimpulse of an antenna as` A and the delivery over the line Wires to tliereceiving set ofthe effect of that impulse to' the movable coil as a. 'But it has been assumed, for thev sake of simplicity in illustrationfthatj.this time interval is the samefor each of the antennze,'so that the effects 'are produced substantially as shoivn in Figures 2 yto 5,neglecting this common time interval. Tf the pat-lis v between the antennae and the movable `coils are not the same, it merely means that a corresponding modification in the position ofthe movable coilsis effected when the adjustment by trial produces its niaziimiimeffect.

In order that the hereinbefore described operation inay be still further made clear, let us new explain what would happen if, in the case of the saine' installation and the same transmitting station T, no provision AWere Vmad-e, i'. e. no movable coils were used, for

modifying the time o'f delivervof the separate effects from the antennae to the receiving set l. This is shoivn in the diagrams of Figures 8 to 11, wherein separate coils c, b, c, diel ceiving thev effects of the corresponding antennze A, D, B, C, act directly ,on the receiving set Figure S illustrates the effect re-` ceived when the impulse has passed antenna A. The effect is transferred immediately to thecoil w1 which delivers it to the'rec'eiving set R. At an instant later, the impulse will have passed D, as shown in Figure 9 and, in turnmiill act upon the coil which delivers it tothe receiver, as above explained. Likewise,

the effects of the 4impulse 0n B and C will, see Figures l0 and 11, bedelivered to the coil all and then. to the receiver.v y Y Now inA vieiv of the fact that, in the absence of any time control asV provided lunder the present invention, the various effects arrive independently of each other at different times, no summing up of the effects is achieved, as Will be clearly seen from an inspectionof Figure l1. A

And in order that the hereinbefore described operation according to the present invention may be still further made clear, let us assume, as illustrated in F igureffl, that another transmitting station Ta also sends van impulse to the same group of antennae A, D, B,C and that the movable coils a (Z Y) c are adjusted on the long coilv m to receive impulses from station T. I f Y l In such case, byan analysis analogousto Y that of the impulsesreceived from T in Figures 2 to 5, the time of arrival of the separate effects for station Ta' Will be made to appear from Figures l2 to l5.` It is evident that they arrive at odd moments and therefore their effects are not combined.v In order to make them combine, an adjustment of themovable coils has to beV made, as hereinbefore explained.

Having described my invention, What I claim is: f

l l. In radio receiving systems, the combination of a plurality of separated receiving antennae, a common receiving apparatus` a relan tively long coilconnected thereto and a plurality of` coupling coils,.one associated with yeach antenna and `with said long coil, said coupling` coils heilig independently shift-able Ved with each of said antennae for receiving apparatus, the coin-`r Illa trolled by said antennsaa relatively long coil forming` substantially,an artificialline ccnnected thereto, transmission lines connected to said antennae, each ot said lines termi1iat` 'ing in means for transferring energy to said long coil, each of said means being independently adjustable With-respect to each other and to said long coil.

4l. In radio receiving systems, the combination of a plurality of receiving antennae having different characteristics, a common receiving apparatus for said antennae, a relatively long coil connected thereto, transmission lines for connecting said Aantennae to said common apparatus, said transmission lines 'terminating in coils coupled to said relatively long coil and independently adjustable with respect thereto, i

5. In radio receiving' systems, the combination of a plurality of receiving antennae having different characteristics@ common receiving apparatus, a relatively long coil connected thereto, and transmission lines for connecting said antennae to said common apparatus, said transmission lines each terminating in ay coil coupled to said long coil, and each of said coils being grounded substantially at the mid-point thereof and being independently adjustable with respect to each other and to said long coil.

6. In a radio receiving system, the coinbination ofia pluralityof separated receiving antennae, a. common receiving apparatus, means for transferring the energy received at each antenna to the said common receiving apparatus, said means being so constructed and arranged that energy absorbed thereon is Without effect upon said receiver,v and means for independently adjusting the phase relation of the currents from each antenna With respect to the currents from theother antennae at said receiving apparatus. Y

7. In a radio receiving system, the combination of a plurality of separated receiving.

antennae, a common receiving apparatus, n'ieansfor causing said antennae to control the response of said receivingrapparatus, said means being constructed and arranged in a manner to prevent action thereof as an antenna, and means for controlling the phase relation of t-lie current from each antenna with respect to the current from every other antenna at said receiving a1 paratus.

8. In radio receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality of .separated receiving` antennae, a common receiving apparatus Vto be controlled by said antennae, a plurality Vof transmission lines connect-ing said antennae to said receiving apparatus, said transmission lines'being so constructed and arranged as to prevent action thereof as antennae, and

means for independently cont-rolling the phase relation of currents from any antenna with respect to the currentsifrom any other antenna at said receiving apparatus.

. '9. In'iadio receiving apparatus, the coinf lnnation ofV a plurality of widely separated receiving antennae, a common receiving apparatus for said antennae, a plurality of transratus.

mission lines connecting said antennae to said receiving apparatus, means for balancing said transmission lines to preventthe operation of said receiving apparatus in response to energy absorbed by said transmissionlines,

and phase shifting means for independently' controlling the phase of current received from each. antenna yat said receiving appa-Y 10, In radiorecciving systems, t-he combination of plurality of receiving antennae having different characterist'ics,v a 'common receiving apparatus for saidantenn, transmission lines connecting sa-id'antennae to said ll. In radio receiving systems, the coin- 1 bination of a plurality of antennae having different characteristics, a common receiving apparatus to be operated by said antennae, transmission lines connecting each of said antennae to said receiving apparatus, said transmission lines being coupled to said antennae and said receiving apparatus, means for baly ancing each side thereof independently, and means for independently controlling the phase relation of currents from each of said antennae to obtain any desired phase relation between said currents at said receiving apparatus.

nation of a plurality `of antennae having different characteristics, a single receiving Vapparatus to be operated by said antennae, transmission lines connecting each of lsaid Vantennae to said receiving apparatus, said transmission lines being coupledto said antennae and to said receiving apparatus `and being provided With means for balancing eachsidev thereof independently, and phase shifting means for controlling the phase relation of the various currents at said receiving apparatus.

13 In radio receiving systems,V the combi-V nation of a plurality of antennae having different characteristics, a common receivingv apparatus to be controlled by said antennae, a plurality of transn'nssion lines for connect- 12. In radio receiving systems, the combi-, v

iio

ine' said antennae to said receiving a anaratus Y h b A 7 said transmission lines ,comprising a metallic Y circuit inductivelyI coupled to said antennae and to said receiving apparatus and provided with means for separately vtuning each side thereof and being grounded substantially'at Y the mid-point of the couplingto said receiver ivherebyv currents dueto vthe antenna effect* of said Wire will produce equal and opposite effects ,in said receiver, and means forindependently controlling the phase .relation 0f'VV the various currents at said receiving appa- 14. The method of controlling the combination of electrical waves between two reception points which comprises applying said waves to a single path ofvariablelengthwarying a portion of the length of the said path eliective for each wave, and utilizing the resultant of said waves in a portion ot said path common to said waves.

15. The method of controlling the phase relation of two electric waves to be combined which comprises passing at least one of said waves through a Vsingle path of variable length with respect to each wave and varying the effective length o'l said path to produce a like phase relationship between both of said waves. y

16. rlhe method ot' regu'latingthe phase relation elia plurality of electric waves to be combined, which consists in passing all of said waves through a single path hai/ing a portion common to all ot said waves and varying the effective length of the path 'of each wave whereby the desired phase relation between said waves at the combining point is produced.

17. An arrangementifor controlling the.

time of transmission of electric waves between two points comprising an artificial line having smooth concentrated inductance and capacitance interposed between said points7 a source of electric waves at vone of said points arranged to propagate electric waves along said line, and means for varying the etl'ective length of said line7 wherebythe time of travel of said waves between the said points may be controlled at will.

18. A n arrangement lfor controlling Athe time of passage of electric waves between two points comprising an inductancer coil interposed between said points, ksaid coil having suliicient uniformly distributed capacity and smoothly concentrated inductance tohave 'the characteristics ol` an electrically long line, a source ol" electric waves located at one or' said points and arranged topropagate electric waves along said coil, and means for varying the elfective length of said coil to control the time of travel of said waves between said points.

19.7An arrangement for controlling the time or' passage of electric waves between two points comprising an inductance coil interposed between said points, said coil'having sufcient uniformly distributed capacity to ground and uniformly concentrated inductance to constitute ank artificial line a source of electric-waves located at one of said points and connected to said coil, and means for rendering ineffective any desired portion of said coil` whereby the time of travel of said waves between said points may be controlled.

20. In an arrangement for controlling the time of travel of electric waves along a wire line7 an inductance coil having uniformly distributed capacity and inductance, the el'ective electrical length of the coil being at least an appreciable fraction or' the length of the wave to be transmitted thereoverl 21. In an arrangement for controlling the time of travel of electric waves along a wire line, a source of wave energy for propagating' waves along said line, and means for causing any desired phase shift up to several completeV cycles between the wave at the beginningand end of its path on said line.

22. The method 0I" controlling the time transmission of electrical wavesfb'etween two points which consists in passing said waves through an electrically homogeneous path prpducing a smooth wave-time change therein'and removing wave energyV therefrom by electro-magnetic induction.

Q3. The method of combining a plurality of wav-es which consists in in'ducti'vely conveying said waves to an electrically homogeneous path at different points therein, producing smooth wave-time changes therein proportional to the point of application thereof,

causing said waves to progress to a terminal point in Zero phase displacement, and utilizing enerav therefrom.

, RICHARD RowLaND RANGER. 

